英文语序

6.时间 When?	1.主语 Who? Which? What?	2.谓语 action (V.+V.变化)	3.宾语 Who? Which? What?	4.方式 How?	5.地点 Where?	6.时间 When?
	An ugly woman	is shouting		angrily	in her car	at midnight
	A cute woman	is shouting		happily	on the beach	in the morning

时态

颜色表示实际应用中的出现频率，，，
时&态	过去将来	过去	现在	将来
一般	would do	was/were did	am/is/are do/does	am/is/are going to do will do
完成	would have done	had done	have/has done	will have done
进行	would be doing	was/were doing	am/is/are doing	will be doing
完成进行	would have been doing	had been doing	have/has been doing	will have been doing

一般现在时

一般现在时
用法①	陈述客观事实&描述生活习惯&重复发生，NCE1.L47~60
结构	肯定	It always in November. They a big company.
	否定	do/does + not It always in November. They a big company.
	一般疑问	do/does 提句首 it always in November? they a big company?
	难点	非三单do / 三单does 何时V.与V.s(变化规则)
用法②	表将来：不会改变的计划(schedule)&时刻表(timetable) 例如：交通工具时刻表、影片放映时间、开馆时间、开学开课时间
结构	肯定	The museum at 10:00 tomorrow. Classes next week. John's plane at 6:05 P.M next Monday.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	arrive、leave、start、begin、end、finish、open、close、be

一般过去时

一般过去时
用法	描述发生在过去的动作(did)或状态(was/were)，NCE1.L67~78
结构	肯定	Tom TV last night. Emily at the office this morning.
	否定	did/was/were + not Tom TV last night. Emily at the office this morning.
	一般疑问	did/was/were 提句首 Tom TV last night? Emily at the office this morning?
	难点	否定&疑问V. 肯定：V.ed(变化规则 VS 无规则)

一般将来时

一般将来时
用法①	计划打算，NCE1.L37~40
结构	肯定	She buy a new car. She buy a new car.
	否定	am/is/are + not
	一般疑问	am/is/are 提句首
	难点	N/A
用法②	预测(基于现在的证据)，NCE1.L91
结构	肯定	Look at the sky. It' rain. It' rain.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	I'm going to be late. (计划打算? or 预测?)
用法③	意愿，临时决定，NCE1.L91
结构	肯定	It's heavy. I' you.
	否定	will + not = won't
	一般疑问	will 提句首
	难点	will VS am/is/are going to do 不是预先考虑做的决定
用法④	预测，NCE1.L91
结构	肯定	The weather turn cold tonight.
	否定	同用法③
	一般疑问
	难点	will VS am/is/are going to do

现在进行时

现在进行时
用法①	一个动作现在正在进行，NCE1.L31~34
结构	肯定	They TV.
	否定	am/is/are + not
	一般疑问	am/is/are 提句首
	难点	V.ing(现在分词)变化规则
用法②	动作现阶段发生，说话时并不需要正在发生，NCE2.L2
结构	肯定	He English these days.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	V.ing(现在分词)变化规则
用法③	表将来：计划打算，NCE2.L2
结构	肯定	He dinner with me tonight.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	请务必添加未来时间，否则往往表示现在 am/is/are doing VS am/is/are going to do V.ing(现在分词)
用法④	与always连用，表示频率过高令说话者心烦，生厌(非绝对)
结构	肯定	He his keys.
	否定	N/A
	一般疑问
	难点	V.ing(现在分词)

过去进行时

过去进行时
用法①	一个动作过去正在进行，NCE2.L7
结构	肯定	I at 8 last night.
	否定	was/were + not
	一般疑问	was/were 提句首
	难点	was/were doing VS did when V.ing(现在分词)
用法②	委婉/礼貌请求或建议，不表过去，表示现在(口语)
结构	肯定	I if you could lend me your car. I to talk to you about that.
	否定	N/A
	一般疑问
	难点

现在完成时

现在完成时
用法①	言之过去，意在当下，NCE2.L4
结构	肯定	A：Do you want to have dinner? B：I just some food.(I'm full now.)
	否定	have/has + not
	一般疑问	have/has 提句首
	难点	have done VS did V.ed(过去分词)
用法②	一个动作done或者状态been，从过去持续或重复到现在，NCE2.L4
结构	肯定	I in Beijing for 10 years/since 2012. I here for 6 years.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	特殊疑问	How long you in Beijing?
	难点	have lived VS lived V. 可持续 V.ed(过去分词)

过去完成时

过去完成时
用法①	过去的过去，NCE1.L119，NCE2.L14
结构	肯定	When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul already home.
	否定	had + not
	一般疑问	had 提句首
	难点	判断动作前后顺序且均在过去 V.ed(过去分词)
用法②	过去A点发生，对过去B点产生了影响(have done的过去时)，NCE2.L14
结构	肯定	We weren't hungry. We just lunch.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	had done VS have done V.ed(过去分词)
用法③	一个动作从过去A持续或重复到过去B(have done的过去时)，NCE2.L14
结构	肯定	By 2020, I in Beijing for 9 years.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	had done VS have done V.ed(过去分词)

将来完成时

将来完成时
用法①	一个动作持续或重复到将来(have done的将来时)，NCE2.L37
结构	肯定	We five exams by next.
	否定	will + not = won't
	一般疑问	will 提句首
	难点	will have done VS have done VS had done
用法②	一个动作截止到未来某个时间前完成，NCE2.L37
结构	肯定	I my homework by next Friday.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	will have done VS have done VS had done

将来进行时

将来进行时
用法①	未来动作正在进行，NCE2.L13
结构	肯定	Don't call me after 10. I .
	否定	will + not = won't
	一般疑问	will 提句首
	难点	现在/过去/将来进行时
用法②	计划，NCE2.L13
结构	肯定	I him tomorrow.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	will be doing am/is/are doing am/is/are going to do
用法③	礼貌询问比 更委婉客气，不想影响说话人的打算，NCE2.L40
结构	肯定	N/A
	否定
	一般疑问	Are you going to stay in this evening? you in this evening? Will you stay in England? you in England?
	难点	N/A

现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时
用法①	过去进行的动作(结束)对现在有影响，NCE2.L52
结构	肯定	Is it raining? No, but the ground is wet. It .
	否定	have/has + not
	一般疑问	have/has 提句首
	难点	have been doing VS have done
用法②	过去进行的动作持续或重复到现在，且继续到未来，NCE2.L52
结构	肯定	He TV all day. (Tim is still watching TV.) People me all day.
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	have been doing VS have done

过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时
用法①	过去A进行的动作持续或重复到过去B(have been doing的过去时)，NCE2.L62
结构	肯定	By 2020, I English for 9.
	否定	had + not
	一般疑问	had 提句首
	难点	had been doing VS was/were doing
用法②	过去A进行的动作(结束)对过去B有影响(have been doing的过去时)，NCE2.L62
结构	肯定	Her eyes were red. She .
	否定	同用法①
	一般疑问
	难点	had been doing VS had done

将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时
用法	一个动作持续或重复到将来，NCE2.L62
结构	肯定	I'm retiring this fall. By then I' for 30 years.
	否定	will + not
	一般疑问	will 提句首
	难点	have been doing had been doing will have been doing

情态动词

情态动词		情态动词短语
现在式	过去式
can	could	be able to
may	might	be allowed to
must	N/A	have (got) to had better
shall	should	ought to be supposed to
will	would	be going to used to
形式上过去，含义不等同，可以不表过去

can

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
can 能	能力	I run fast.	N/A
	允许	You use my car tomorrow.
	礼貌请求	I borrow you pen?
	否定	cannot、can't、can not
	一般疑问	can 提句首

could

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
could 能、可以	过去的能力 普遍能力 非具体事件	N/A	I run fast when I was a kid.
	礼貌请求	you help me?	N/A
	建议	You ask your teacher.
	否定	could not = couldn't
	一般疑问	could 提句首
特殊结构：本来可能，但实际没发生 Why did you jump out of the window? You yourself.

be able to

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
be able to	能力	I' help you.	I speak English 5 years ago.
		I' help you. It's too heavy.	N/A
		you help me?
	否定	be + not
	一般疑问	be 提句首
am/is/are able to do sth. was/were able to do sth. will be able to do sth. am/is/are going to be able to do sth. have been able to do sth.
情态动词	用法	基本用法，NCE2.L43
		Past
was/were able to	特定单一 成功事件	They didn't want to come with us at first, but we do persuade them. Maya do well on the test. Maya do well on the test. 否定句互换
	普遍能力	I speak English 5 years ago.
could		I speak English 5 years ago.

may和might

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
may 可以	礼貌请求(I、we)	I borrow your pen?	N/A
	允许	You leave the room.
might 可以	礼貌请求(I、we)，罕见	I borrow your pen?
	难点	might是may的过去式，但并非只能用在过去，且大部分情况下并不用在过去

must

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
must 必须	肯定 表必须	I do it.	I do it.
	否定 表禁止	You open that door. open that door. You open that door. You' open that door.	N/A
	一般疑问 must 提句首	大多数情况用have to
have to 比must更常见	肯定 表必须	I go to class today.	I go to class yesterday.
	否定 表不必	I go to class today.	I go to class yesterday.
	一般疑问 比must更常见	Do you leave?	Did you leave last night?
will have to do am/is/are going to have to have/has to do had to do
have to VS must	主观 个人感受	I do some more work. I stop smoking.	N/A
	客观 外界情况	I work from 9 to 6. I stop smoking.
	美式	全用 即可
have got to 口语	表必须	I go to class today. I' go. (口语) I go. (口语)	I had to go to class yesterday.
	一般疑问	Do you have to go?	N/A

had better

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
had better	忠告、警告、威胁 潜在坏结果 口语	We stop now. We' stop now. We stop now. (口语)	N/A
	否定 had better not	You be late.
	难点	现在或将来非过去 后跟动词原形 口语常见，写作不常见

shall和should

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
shall	I/we主语 礼貌的建议	I open the window? we go now?	N/A
	I/we主语 替代will 美式罕见	I arrive at nine.
should	预期	The mail be here soon.	N/A
	忠告	You study tonight.
	否定	should not = shouldn't
	一般疑问	should 提句首
	特殊结构	本不该却做了 I to the movies the night before. 本该却没做 I last night, but I didn't.

ought to

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
shoud	忠告	You study tonight.	N/A
ought to (otta) 应该		You study tonight.
	预期	She do well on the test tomorrow.
	否定	ought to 几乎不用于否定句
	特殊结构	本该却没做 I last night, but I didn't. I last night, but I didn't.

be supposed to

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
be supposed to 应该	预期 义务责任	Class start at 10:00.	N/A
	未履行的预期 义务责任	N/A	Class start at 10:00. 并没有

would

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
would	礼貌请求	you help me?	N/A
	过去重复 发生的事	N/A	When I was a child, I visit my grandparents every weekend.
	礼貌表达 与 like 连用	I an apple.	N/A
would rather		I to a movie tonight than study grammar. I' history than biology.	The movie was OK, but I to the concert last night.
	否定	- How much do you weigh? - I' tell you.	N/A
	进行	I' on a beach than sitting in class right now.

used to

情态动词	用法	基本用法
		Present Future	Past
used to	过去重复发生的动作 同would	N/A	When I was a child, my father me a story at night.
	过去的情况或状态 would不可用		I , but I've stopped.
	否定 didn't use(d) to do		I like tea.
	一般疑问 Did you use(d) to do		you smoke?

现在推测

推测用法	概率	用法	情态动词
现在肯定	Why isn't John in class?
	100%	是	He sick.
	95%	一定是	He sick. He . He sick. You joking.
	50% or less	可能是	He sick. He sick. He sick. He .
注意 can 不能用在肯定句中表推测 He can be sick. ❌
现在否定	Why doesn't Sam eat?
	100%		Sam hungry.
	99%	不可能	Sam hungry. Sam hungry. Sam .
	95%	一定没	Sam hungry. (美式)
	50% or less	可能没有	Sam hungry. Sam hungry. Sam .

过去推测

推测用法	概率	用法	情态动词
过去肯定	Why wasn't Mary in class?
	100%	是	She sick.
	95%	一定是	She sick. She .
	50% or less	可能是	She sick. She sick. She sick. She .
过去否定	Why didn't Sam eat?
	100%		Sam hungry.
	99%	不可能	Sam hungry. Sam hungry. Sam .
	95%	一定没	Sam hungry. (美式)
	50% or less	可能没有	Sam hungry. Sam hungry. Sam .

将来推测

推测用法	概率	用法	情态动词
将来肯定	Can Kay do well on the test?
	100%	会	Kay well on the test.
	90%	应该	Kay well on the test. Kay well on the test.
	50% or less	可能	Kay well on the test. Kay well on the test.
将来否定	will/should/may/might + not ought to 几乎不用于否定句